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{106}关于过去这几十年前所未有的和平状态，特别可参见：StevenPinker，TheBetterAngelsofOurNature：WhyViolenceHasDeclined(NewYork：Viking，2011)；JoshuaS.Goldstein，WinningtheWaronWar：TheDeclineofArmedConflictWorldwide(NewYork，N.Y.：Dutton，2011)；Gat，WarinHumanCivilization.
{107}'WorldReportonViolenceandHealth：Summary，Geneva2002'，WorldHealthOrganization，accessedDecember10，2010，http：www.who.intwhr2001enwhr01_annex_en.pdf.
之前时代的死亡率请参见：LawrenceH.Keeley，WarbeforeCivilization：TheMythofthePeacefulSavage(NewYork：OxfordUniversityPress，1996).
{108}'WorldHealthReport，2004'，WorldHealthOrganization，124，accessed10December，2010，http：www.who.intwhr2004enreport04_en.pdf.
{109}RaymondC.Kelly，WarlessSocietiesandtheOriginofWar(AnnArbor：UniversityofMichiganPress，2000)，21.SeealsoGat，WarinHumanCivilization，129-31；Keeley，WarbeforeCivilization.
{110}ManuelEisner，'Modernization，Self-ControlandLethalViolence'，BritishJournalofCriminology41：4(2001)，618-638；ManuelEisner，'Long-TermHistoricalTrendsinViolentCrime'，CrimeandJustice：AReviewofResearch30(2003)，83-142；'WorldReportonViolenceandHealth：Summary，Geneva2002'，WorldHealthOrganization，accessedDecember10，2010，http：www.who.intwhr2001enwhr01_annex_en.pdf；'WorldHealthReport，2004'，WorldHealthOrganization，124，accessed10December，2010，http：www.who.intwhr2004enreport04_en.pdf.
{111}WalkerandBailey，'BodyCountsinLowlandSouthAmericanViolence，'30.
{112}若想从心理和生化两种层面来讨论快乐，以下著作是很好的出发点：JonathanHaidt，TheHappinessHypothesis：FindingModernTruthinAncientWisdom(NewYork：BasicBooks，2006)；R.Wright，TheMoralAnimal：EvolutionaryPsychologyandEverydayLife(NewYork：VintageBooks，1994)；M.Csikszentmihalyi，'IfWeAreSoRich，WhyAren'tWeHappy'，AmericanPsychologist54：10(1999)：82127；F.A.Huppert，N.BaylisandB.Keverne，ed.，TheScienceofWell-Being(Oxford：OxfordUniversityPress，2005)；MichaelArgyle，ThePsychologyofHappiness，2ndedition(NewYork：Routledge，2001)；EdDiener(ed.)，AssessingWell-Being：TheCollectedWorksofEdDiener(NewYork：Springer，2009)；MichaelEidandRandyJ.Larsen(eds.)，TheScienceofSubjectiveWell-Being(NewYork：GuilfordPress，2008)；RichardA.Easterlin(ed.)，HappinessinEconomics(Cheltenham：EdwardElgarPub.，2002)；RichardLayard，Happiness：LessonsfromaNewScience(NewYork：Penguin，2005).
{113}DanielKahneman，Thinking，FastandSlow(NewYork：Farrar，StrausandGiroux，2011)；Inglehartetal.，Development，Freedom，andRisingHappiness，278-281.
{114}D.M.McMahon，ThePursuitofHappiness：AHistoryfromtheGreekstothePresent(London：AllenLane，2006).
{115}KeithT.Paigeetal.，'DeNovoCartilageGenerationUsingCalciumAlginate-ChondrocyteConstructs'，PlasticandReconstructiveSurgery97：1(1996)，168-78.
{116}DavidBiello，'BacteriaTransformedintoBiofuelsRefineries'，ScientificAmerican，January27，2010，accessedDecember10，2010，http：www.scientificamerican.comarticle.cfmid=bacteria-transformed-intobiofuel-refineries.
{117}GaryWalsh，'TherapeuticInsulinsandTheirLarge-ScaleManufacture'，AppliedMicrobiologyandBiotechnology67：2(2005)，151-59.
{118}JamesG.Wallisetal.，'ExpressionofaSyntheticAntifreezeProteininPotatoReducesElectrolyteReleaseatFreezingTemperatures'，PlantMolecularBiology35：3(1997)，323-30.
{119}RobertJ.Walletal.，'GeneticallyEnhancedCowsResistIntramammaryStaphylococcusAureusInfection'，NatureBiotechnology23：4(2005)，44551.
{120}LiangxueLaietal.，'GenerationofClonedTransgenicPigsRichinOmega-3FattyAcids'，NatureBiotechnology24：4(2006)，435-36.
{121}Ya-PingTangetal.，'GeneticEnhancementofLearningandMemoryinMice'，Nature401(1999)，63-69.
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